J. communis L. - This juniper has a wider distribution than any other conifer species. It occurs in Europe and Asia Minor from where it extends to the Caucasus, Iran, Afghanistan, the Himalaya, China, Siberia and North America. It is found occasionally in the mountains of North Africa. In North America, it ranges from Alaska east to Labrador and S. Greenland, south to New York and west to Minesota and Wyoming. Southernmost locations in North America are the northwestern corner of South Carolina and central Arizona.

J. drupacea Labill. - Native to Greece and Asia minor. In Turkey, it occurs south from Anadolia, in mountainous and coastal forests and maquis.

J. excelsa Bieb. - Asia Minor to the Caucasus, on the Crimea, the eastern and southern part of the Balkan Peninsula. Macedonia is the northwestern limit of its distribution. According to recent papers published in Pakistan, the juniper populations in Balochistan are considered to be J. excelsa. However, they have also been referred to as J. polycarpus and J. macropoda*.

J. foetidissima Willd. - Mountains of the Balkan Peninsula and Asia Minor; extending to Transcaucus and the Crimea and to high altitudes, up to 2000 m on the Taurus.

J. macrocarpa Sibth. et Sm. - Widely distributed in the Mediterranean region, from Spain to Syria and Bulgaria. In the former Yugoslav Republics it occurs naturally in the narrow coastal band of the Adriatic Sea.

J. macropoda Boiss. - Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, northern India east to Uttar Pradesh (J. seravshanica is considered a synonym by Rushforth 1987)*.

J. oxycedrus L. - Widely distributed throughout the Mediterranean region, extending eastwards to Transcaucasia and N. Iran (=J. rufescens Link).

J. phoenicea L. - Native to the Mediterranean region, extending eastward to the Canary Islands. In North Africa, it occurs on hills and dunes and in arid mountain regions up to 2200m. In the European area of the Mediterranean, it grows up to 1200 m in elevation.

J. sabina L. - Mountains of southern and central Europe, Asia Minor, the Caucasus, Ural and Siberia, from 1400 to 2300 m elevation.

J. semiglobosa Regal - Portions of Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, adjoining areas of Russia, Xingjian Province, China.

J. thurifera L. - Southwestern Europe (Spain and France) and North Africa. Common in Morocco on the Central and Great Atlas between 1800 and 3000 m. Quite rare in Algeria. In France, this species is confined to the Central Pyrennes and several places in the southern Alps.

J. turkestanica Komar - Native of central Asia (Turkestan) where it grows in the mountains between 3000 and 4000 m altitude.

* The population now considered to be J. excelsa in Balochistan has also been referred to as J. polycarpos and J. marcopoda in the literature. Vidakovic (1991) and Rushforth (1987) give the range of J. excelsa as the Balkan Peninsula west through Crimea and J. macropoda as Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan and northern India east to Uttar Pradesh. It is possible that these populations represent a single, variable species or a complex of two or more species (author’s note).